| [12] | 1 | <?php
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| 2 | // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 3 | // Class: InfModelB
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| 4 | // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 5 | require_once RDFAPI_INCLUDE_DIR . 'infModel/InfModel.php';
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| 6 |
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| 7 | /**
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| 8 | * A InfModelB extends the InfModel Class, with a backward chaining algorithm.
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| 9 | * Only the loaded or added base-triples are stored.
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| 10 | * A find-query evaluates the inference rules and recursively tries to find the statements.
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| 11 | * InfModelB memorises "Dead-Ends" until the next add() command, thus
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| 12 | * makin a second find much faster.
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| 13 | * InfModelB is safe for loops in Ontologies, that would cause infinite loops.
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| 14 | * WARNING: A find(null,null,null) might take very long.
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| 15 | *
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| 16 | * @version $Id: InfModelB.php 575 2008-06-20 12:20:12Z cweiske $
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| 17 | * @author Daniel Westphal <mail at d-westphal dot de>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | *
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| 20 | * @package infModel
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| 21 | * @access public
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| 22 | **/
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| 23 |
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| 24 | class InfModelB extends InfModel
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| 25 | {
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| 26 |
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| 27 | /**
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| 28 | * Array that holds combinations of inference rules with distinct
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| 29 | * find-querys, that don't lead to any inference.
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| 30 | *
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| 31 | * @var array
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| 32 | * @access private
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| 33 | */
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| 34 | var $findDeadEnds;
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| 35 |
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| 36 |
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| 37 | /**
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| 38 | * Constructor
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| 39 | * You can supply a base_uri
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| 40 | *
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| 41 | * @param string $baseURI
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| 42 | * @access public
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| 43 | */
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| 44 | function InfModelB($baseURI = null)
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| 45 | {
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| 46 | parent::InfModel($baseURI);
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| 47 | $this->findDeadEnds=array();
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| 48 | }
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| 49 |
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| 50 | /**
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| 51 | * Adds a new triple to the Model without checking, if the statement
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| 52 | * is already in the Model. So if you want a duplicate free Model use
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| 53 | * the addWithoutDuplicates() function (which is slower then add())
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| 54 | *
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| 55 | * @param object Statement $statement
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| 56 | * @access public
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| 57 | * @throws PhpError
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| 58 | */
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| 59 | function add($statement)
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| 60 | {
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| 61 | parent::add($statement);
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| 62 | //Reset the found dead-ends.
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| 63 | $this->findDeadEnds=array();
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| 64 | }
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| 65 |
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| 66 | /**
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| 67 | * General method to search for triples.
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| 68 | * NULL input for any parameter will match anything.
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| 69 | * Example: $result = $m->find( NULL, NULL, $node );
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| 70 | * Finds all triples with $node as object.
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| 71 | * Returns an empty MemModel if nothing is found.
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| 72 | * To improve the search speed with big Models, call index(INDEX_TYPE)
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| 73 | * before seaching.
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| 74 | *
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| 75 | * It recursively searches in the statements and rules to find
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| 76 | * matching statements.
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| 77 | *
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| 78 | * @param object Node $subject
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| 79 | * @param object Node $predicate
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| 80 | * @param object Node $object
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| 81 | * @return object MemModel
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| 82 | * @access public
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| 83 | * @throws PhpError
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| 84 | */
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| 85 | function find($subject,$predicate,$object)
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| 86 | {
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| 87 | $searchStringIndex=array();
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| 88 | $resultModel=new MemModel();
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| 89 |
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| 90 | //add all infered statements without duplicates to the result model
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| 91 | foreach ($this->_infFind($subject,$predicate,$object,array())as $statement)
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| 92 | {
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| 93 | $resultModel->addWithoutDuplicates($statement);
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| 94 | };
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| 95 | return $resultModel;
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| 96 | }
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| 97 |
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| 98 | /**
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| 99 | * This is the main inference method of the InfModelB
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| 100 | * The algorithm works as follows:
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| 101 | * Find all statements in the base model, that matches the current
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| 102 | * find-query.
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| 103 | * Check all rules, if they are able to deliver infered statements,
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| 104 | * that match the current find-query. Don't use rules with queries,
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| 105 | * that lead to dead-ends and don't use a rule-query-combination that
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| 106 | * was used before in this branch (ontology loops).
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| 107 | * If a rule is possible do deliver such statements, get a new
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| 108 | * find-query, that is possible to find those statements, that are able
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| 109 | * to trigger this rule.
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| 110 | * Call this _infFind method wirh the new find-query and entail the
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| 111 | * resulting statements.
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| 112 | * If this rule, wasn't able to return any statements with this distinct
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| 113 | * query, add this combination to the dead-ends.
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| 114 | * Return the statements from the base triples and those, which were infered.
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| 115 | *
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| 116 | * If $findOnlyFirstMatching is set to true, only the first match in
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| 117 | * the base-statements is entailed an returned (used in contains() and
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| 118 | * findFirstMatchingStatement() methods).
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| 119 | *
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| 120 | * You can set an offset to look for the first matching statement by setting the
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| 121 | * $offset var.
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| 122 | *
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| 123 | * It recursively searches in the statements and rules to find matching
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| 124 | * statements
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| 125 | *
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| 126 | * @param object Node $subject
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| 127 | * @param object Node $predicate
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| 128 | * @param object Node $object
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| 129 | * @param array $searchStringIndex
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| 130 | * @param boolean $findOnlyFirstMatching
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| 131 | * @param integer $offset
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| 132 | * @param integer $resultCount
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| 133 | * @return object array Statements
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| 134 | * @access private
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| 135 | */
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| 136 | function _infFind ($subject,$predicate,$object, $searchStringIndex, $findOnlyFirstMatching = false, $offset = 0,$resultCount = 0 )
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| 137 | {
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| 138 | $return=array();
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| 139 | //Find all matching statements in the base statements
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| 140 | $findResult=parent::find($subject,$predicate,$object);
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| 141 | //For all found statements
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| 142 | foreach ($findResult->triples as $statement)
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| 143 | {
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| 144 | $return[]=$statement;
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| 145 | $resultCount++;
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| 146 |
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| 147 | //Return, if only the firstMatchingStatement was wanted
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| 148 | if ($findOnlyFirstMatching && $resultCount > $offset)
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| 149 | return $return;
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| 150 | };
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| 151 |
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| 152 | //Don't infer statements about the schema (rdfs:subClass, etc..)
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| 153 | //is false
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| 154 | if ($predicate == null ||
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| 155 | (is_a($predicate,'Node') &&
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| 156 | !in_array($predicate->getLabel(),$this->supportedInference))
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| 157 | )
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| 158 | //Check only Rules, that the EntailmentIndex returned.
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| 159 | foreach ($this->_findRuleEntailmentInIndex($subject,$predicate,$object) as $ruleKey)
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| 160 | {
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| 161 | $infRule=$this->infRules[$ruleKey];
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| 162 | $serializedRuleStatement=$ruleKey.serialize($subject).serialize($predicate).serialize($object);
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| 163 | //If it is to ontology loop and no dead-end
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| 164 | if (!in_array($serializedRuleStatement, $searchStringIndex) &&
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| 165 | !in_array($serializedRuleStatement, $this->findDeadEnds))
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| 166 | {
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| 167 | //Keep this distinct rule query cobination for
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| 168 | //this branch to detect loops
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| 169 | $searchStringIndex[]=$serializedRuleStatement;
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| 170 |
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| 171 | //If the rule is able to deliver statements that match
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| 172 | //this query
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| 173 | if ($infRule->checkEntailment($subject,$predicate,$object))
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| 174 | {
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| 175 | //Get a modified find-query, that matches statements,
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| 176 | //that trigger this rule
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| 177 | $modefiedFind=$infRule->getModifiedFind($subject,$predicate,$object);
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| 178 | //Call this method with the new find-query
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| 179 | $infFindResult=$this->_infFind($modefiedFind['s'],
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| 180 | $modefiedFind['p'],
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| 181 | $modefiedFind['o'],
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| 182 | $searchStringIndex,
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| 183 | $findOnlyFirstMatching,
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| 184 | $offset,
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| 185 | $resultCount) ;
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| 186 | //If it deliverd statements that matches the trigger
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| 187 | if (isset($infFindResult[0]))
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| 188 | {
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| 189 | foreach ($infFindResult as $statement)
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| 190 | {
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| 191 | //Entail the statements and check, if they are not about the
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| 192 | //ontology
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| 193 | $newStatement=$infRule->entail($statement);
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| 194 | if (!in_array($newStatement->getLabelPredicate(),$this->supportedInference))
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| 195 | //Check if, the entailed statements are, what we are looking for
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| 196 | if($this->_nodeEqualsFind($subject,$newStatement->getSubject()) &&
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| 197 | $this->_nodeEqualsFind($predicate,$newStatement->getPredicate()) &&
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| 198 | $this->_nodeEqualsFind($object,$newStatement->getObject() ) )
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| 199 | {
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| 200 | //Add to results
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| 201 | $return[]=$newStatement;
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| 202 | $resultCount++;
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| 203 |
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| 204 | //or return at once
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| 205 | if ($findOnlyFirstMatching && $resultCount > $offset)
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| 206 | return $return;
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| 207 | }
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| 208 | }
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| 209 | } else
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| 210 | {
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| 211 | //If there were no results of the rule-query-combination,
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| 212 | //mark this combination as a dead-end.
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| 213 | $this->findDeadEnds[]=$serializedRuleStatement;
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| 214 | }
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| 215 | }
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| 216 | }
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| 217 | }
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| 218 | //Return the array of the found statements
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| 219 | return $return;
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| 220 | }
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| 221 |
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| 222 | /**
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| 223 | * Tests if the Model contains the given triple.
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| 224 | * TRUE if the triple belongs to the Model;
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| 225 | * FALSE otherwise.
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| 226 | *
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| 227 | * @param object Statement &$statement
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| 228 | * @return boolean
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| 229 | * @access public
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| 230 | */
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| 231 | function contains(&$statement)
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| 232 | {
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| 233 | //throws an error, if $statement is not of class Statement
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| 234 | if(!is_a($statement,'Statement'))
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| 235 | trigger_error(RDFAPI_ERROR . '(class: InfModelB; method: contains):
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| 236 | $statement has to be object of class Statement', E_USER_ERROR);
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| 237 |
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| 238 | //Call the _infFind method, but let it stop, if it finds the first match.
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| 239 | if (count( $this->_infFind($statement->getSubject(),
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| 240 | $statement->getPredicate(),
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| 241 | $statement->getObject(),
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| 242 | array(),true) ) >0)
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| 243 | {
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| 244 | return true;
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| 245 | } else
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| 246 | {
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| 247 | return false;
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| 248 | };
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| 249 | }
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| 250 |
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| 251 | /**
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| 252 | * Searches for triples and returns the first matching statement.
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| 253 | * NULL input for any parameter will match anything.
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| 254 | * Example: $result = $m->findFirstMatchingStatement( NULL, NULL, $node );
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| 255 | * Returns the first statement of the MemModel where the object equals $node.
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| 256 | * Returns an NULL if nothing is found.
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| 257 | * You can define an offset to search for. Default = 0
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| 258 | *
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| 259 | * @param object Node $subject
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| 260 | * @param object Node $predicate
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| 261 | * @param object Node $object
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| 262 | * @param integer $offset
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| 263 | * @return object Statement
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| 264 | * @access public
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| 265 | */
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| 266 | function findFirstMatchingStatement($subject, $predicate, $object, $offset = 0)
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| 267 | {
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| 268 | //Call the _infFind method, but let it stop, if it finds the
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| 269 | //first match.
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| 270 | $res= $this->_infFind($subject,$predicate,$object,array(),true,$offset);
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| 271 |
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| 272 | if (isset($res[$offset]))
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| 273 | {
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| 274 | return $res[$offset];
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| 275 | } else
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| 276 | {
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| 277 | return NULL;
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| 278 | };
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| 279 | }
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| 280 |
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| 281 | /**
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| 282 | * Returns a StatementIterator for traversing the Model.
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| 283 | *
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| 284 | * @access public
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| 285 | * @return object StatementIterator
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| 286 | */
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| 287 | function & getStatementIterator()
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| 288 | {
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| 289 | // Import Package Utility
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| 290 | include_once(RDFAPI_INCLUDE_DIR.PACKAGE_UTILITY);
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| 291 | // Gets a MemModel by executing a find(null,null,null) to get a
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| 292 | //inferable statements.
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| 293 | // WARNING: might be slow
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| 294 | return new StatementIterator($this->getMemModel());
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| 295 | }
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| 296 |
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| 297 | /**
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| 298 | * Number of all inferable triples in the Model.
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| 299 | * WARNING: uses a find(null,null,null) to find all statements! (might take a while)
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| 300 | *
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| 301 | * @param boolean
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| 302 | * @return integer
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| 303 | * @access public
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| 304 | */
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| 305 | function size()
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| 306 | {
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| 307 | // Gets a MemModel by executing a find(null,null,null) to get a
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| 308 | //inferable statements.
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| 309 | // WARNING: might be slow
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| 310 | $res = $this->getMemModel();
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| 311 | return $res->size();
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| 312 | }
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| 313 |
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| 314 | /**
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| 315 | * Create a MemModel containing all the triples (including inferred
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| 316 | * statements) of the current InfModelB.
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| 317 | *
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| 318 | * @return object MemModel
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| 319 | * @access public
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| 320 | */
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| 321 | function & getMemModel()
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| 322 | {
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| 323 |
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| 324 | $return=$this->find(null,null,null);
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| 325 | $return->setBaseURI($this->baseURI);
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| 326 | $return->addParsedNamespaces($this->getParsedNamespaces());
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| 327 | return $return;
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| 328 | }
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| 329 |
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| 330 | /**
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| 331 | * Create a MemModel containing only the base triples (without inferred
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| 332 | * statements) of the current InfModelB.
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| 333 | *
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| 334 | * @return object MemModel
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| 335 | * @access public
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| 336 | */
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| 337 | function & getBaseMemModel()
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| 338 | {
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| 339 | $return= new MemModel();
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| 340 | $return->setBaseURI($this->baseURI);
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| 341 | foreach ($this->triples as $statement)
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| 342 | $return->add($statement);
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| 343 |
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| 344 | $retun->addParsedNamespaces($this->getParsedNamespaces());
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| 345 | return $return;
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| 346 | }
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| 347 |
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| 348 | /**
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| 349 | * Short Dump of the InfModelB.
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| 350 | *
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| 351 | * @access public
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| 352 | * @return string
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| 353 | */
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| 354 | function toString()
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| 355 | {
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| 356 | return 'InfModelB[baseURI=' . $this->getBaseURI() . '; size=' . $this->size(true) . ']';
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| 357 | }
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| 358 |
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| 359 | /**
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| 360 | * Dumps of the InfModelB including ALL inferable triples.
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| 361 | *
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| 362 | * @access public
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| 363 | * @return string
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| 364 | */
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| 365 | function toStringIncludingTriples()
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| 366 | {
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| 367 | $dump = $this->toString() . chr(13);
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| 368 | $stateIt=new StatementIterator($this->find(null,null,null));
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| 369 | while($statement=$stateIt->next())
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| 370 | {
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| 371 | $dump .= $statement->toString() . chr(13);
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| 372 | }
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| 373 | return $dump;
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| 374 | }
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| 375 |
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| 376 | /**
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| 377 | * Saves the RDF,N3 or N-Triple serialization of the full InfModelB
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| 378 | * (including inferred triples) to a file.
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| 379 | * You can decide to which format the model should be serialized by
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| 380 | * using a corresponding suffix-string as $type parameter. If no $type
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| 381 | * parameter is placed this method will serialize the model to XML/RDF
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| 382 | * format.
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| 383 | * Returns FALSE if the InfModelB couldn't be saved to the file.
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| 384 | *
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| 385 | * @access public
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| 386 | * @param string $filename
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| 387 | * @param string $type
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| 388 | * @throws PhpError
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| 389 | * @return boolean
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| 390 | */
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| 391 | function saveAs($filename, $type ='rdf')
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| 392 | {
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| 393 |
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| 394 | $memmodel=$this->getMemModel();
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| 395 | return $memmodel->saveAs($filename, $type);
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| 396 | }
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| 397 |
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| 398 | /**
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| 399 | * Writes the RDF serialization of the Model including ALL inferable
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| 400 | * triples as HTML.
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| 401 | *
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| 402 | * @access public
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| 403 | */
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| 404 | function writeAsHtml()
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| 405 | {
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| 406 | require_once(RDFAPI_INCLUDE_DIR.PACKAGE_SYNTAX_RDF);
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| 407 | $ser = new RdfSerializer();
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| 408 | $rdf =& $ser->serialize($this->getMemModel());
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| 409 | $rdf = htmlspecialchars($rdf, ENT_QUOTES);
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| 410 | $rdf = str_replace(' ', ' ', $rdf);
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| 411 | $rdf = nl2br($rdf);
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| 412 | echo $rdf;
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| 413 | }
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| 414 |
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| 415 | /**
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| 416 | * Writes the RDF serialization of the Model including ALL inferable
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| 417 | * triples as HTML table.
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| 418 | *
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| 419 | * @access public
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| 420 | */
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| 421 | function writeAsHtmlTable()
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| 422 | {
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| 423 | // Import Package Utility
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| 424 | include_once(RDFAPI_INCLUDE_DIR.PACKAGE_UTILITY);
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| 425 | $rdfUtil = new RDFUtil();
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| 426 | $rdfUtil->writeHTMLTable($this->getMemModel());
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| 427 | }
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| 428 |
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| 429 |
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| 430 | /**
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| 431 | * Writes the RDF serialization of the Model including ALL inferable
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| 432 | * triples.
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| 433 | *
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| 434 | * @access public
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| 435 | * @return string
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| 436 | */
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| 437 | function writeRdfToString()
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| 438 | {
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| 439 | // Import Package Syntax
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| 440 | include_once(RDFAPI_INCLUDE_DIR.PACKAGE_SYNTAX_RDF);
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| 441 | $ser = new RdfSerializer();
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| 442 | $rdf =& $ser->serialize($this->getMemModel());
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| 443 | return $rdf;
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| 444 | }
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| 445 |
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| 446 | /**
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| 447 | * Removes the triple from the MemModel.
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| 448 | * TRUE if the triple is removed.
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| 449 | * FALSE otherwise.
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| 450 | *
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| 451 | * Checks, if it touches any statements, that added inference rules
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| 452 | * to the model.
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| 453 | *
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| 454 | * @param object Statement $statement
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| 455 | * @return boolean
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| 456 | * @access public
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| 457 | * @throws PhpError
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| 458 | */
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| 459 | function remove($statement)
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| 460 | {
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| 461 | if (parent::contains($statement))
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| 462 | {
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| 463 | if (in_array($statement->getLabelPredicate(),$this->supportedInference));
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| 464 | while (count($this->_removeFromInference($statement))>0);
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| 465 |
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| 466 | $this->findDeadEnds=array();
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| 467 | return parent::remove($statement);
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| 468 | } else
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| 469 | {
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| 470 | return false;
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| 471 | }
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| 472 | }
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| 473 |
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| 474 | /**
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| 475 | * Checks, if a single node matches a single find pattern.
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| 476 | * TRUE if the node matches.
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| 477 | * FALSE otherwise.
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| 478 | *
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| 479 | * Checks, if it touches any statements, that added inference rules
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| 480 | * to the model.
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| 481 | *
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| 482 | * @param object Statement $statement
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| 483 | * @return boolean
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| 484 | * @access private
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| 485 | */
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| 486 | function _nodeEqualsFind(& $find, $node)
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| 487 | {
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| 488 | //If the find pattern is a node, use the nodes equal-method and
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| 489 | //return the result.
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| 490 | if (is_a($find,'Node'))
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| 491 | return $node->equals($find);
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| 492 |
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| 493 | //Null-pattern matches anything.
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| 494 | if ($find == null)
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| 495 | {
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| 496 | return true;
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| 497 | } else
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| 498 | {
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| 499 | return false;
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| 500 | }
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| 501 | }
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| 502 |
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| 503 | /**
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| 504 | * Returns a FindIterator for traversing the MemModel.
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| 505 | * Disabled in InfModelB.
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| 506 | *
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| 507 | * @access public
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| 508 | * @return object FindIterator
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| 509 | */
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| 510 | function & findAsIterator($sub=null,$pred=null,$obj=null) {
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| 511 | $errmsg = RDFAPI_ERROR . '(class: InfModelB; method: findAsIterator):
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| 512 | This function is disabled in the
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| 513 | Inference Model';
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| 514 | trigger_error($errmsg, E_USER_ERROR);
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| 515 | }
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| 516 | }
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| 517 | ?> |
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